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・ Nepenthes campanulata
・ Nepenthes ceciliae
・ Nepenthes chang
・ Nepenthes chaniana
・ Nepenthes cid
・ Nepenthes clipeata
・ Nepenthes copelandii
・ Nepenthes cornuta
・ Nepenthes curtisii (disambiguation)
・ Nepenthes danseri
・ Nepenthes deaniana
・ Nepenthes densiflora
・ Nepenthes diatas
・ Nepenthes distillatoria
・ Nepenthes dubia
Nepenthes edwardsiana
・ Nepenthes ephippiata
・ Nepenthes epiphytica
・ Nepenthes eustachya
・ Nepenthes extincta
・ Nepenthes eymae
・ Nepenthes faizaliana
・ Nepenthes flava
・ Nepenthes fusca
・ Nepenthes gantungensis
・ Nepenthes glabrata
・ Nepenthes glandulifera
・ Nepenthes graciliflora
・ Nepenthes gracilis
・ Nepenthes gracillima


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Nepenthes edwardsiana : ウィキペディア英語版
Nepenthes edwardsiana

''Nepenthes edwardsiana'' , or the Splendid Pitcher-Plant,〔Phillipps, A. & A. Lamb 1996. ''Pitcher-Plants of Borneo''. Natural History Publications (Borneo), Kota Kinabalu.〕 is a tropical pitcher plant endemic to Mount Kinabalu and neighbouring Mount Tambuyukon in Sabah, Malaysian Borneo. It is considered one of the most spectacular of all ''Nepenthes'', producing some of the largest pitchers and the most highly developed peristome ribs of any species in the genus.〔Clarke, C.M. 1997. ''Nepenthes of Borneo''. Natural History Publications (Borneo), Kota Kinabalu.〕
==Botanical history==
The type specimen of ''N. edwardsiana'' was collected on Mount Kinabalu in 1858〔 by a climbing team consisting of Hugh Low, Frederick William Burbidge, and Spenser St. John.〔Turnbull, J. & A. Middleton 1984. (Tedious Trudge Through the Torturous Turmoils of Taxonomy. ) ''Carnivorous Plant Newsletter'' 13(3): 61–67.〕 Designated as ''Low s.n.'', the specimen is deposited at the Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew.〔Schlauer, J. 2006. ''(Nepenthes edwardsiana )''. Carnivorous Plant Database.〕
''Nepenthes edwardsiana'' was formally described in 1859 by Joseph Dalton Hooker.〔 Hooker named the species after George Edwards, Governor of the Crown Colony of Labuan, at the request of his friend Hugh Low.〔 Hooker's original description and illustration were reproduced in Spenser St. John's ''Life in the Forests of the Far East'', published in 1862.〔St. John, S. 1862. ''Life in the Forests of the Far East; or, Travels in northern Borneo''. 2 volumes. London: Smith, Elder & Co.〕 St. John wrote the following account of ''N. edwardsiana'' on Mount Kinabalu:〔
As we ascended, we left the brushwood and entered a tangled jungle, in which few of the trees were large. The spur of the mountain became very narrow, sometimes not much wider than the path, and was greatly encumbered at one part by the twining stems of the ''Nepenthes Edwardsiana''. This handsome plant was not, however, much diffused along the spur, but confined to a space about a quarter of a mile in length, and climbed upon the trees around, with its fine pitchers hanging from all the lower boughs. We measured one plant and it was twenty feet in length, quite smooth, and the leaves of a very acute shape at both ends. It is a long, cylindrical, finely-frilled pitcher, growing on every leaf; one we picked measured twenty-one inches and a half long, by two and a half in breadth. They swell out a little towards the base, which is bright pea green, the rest of the cylinder being of a brilliant brick-red colour. Its mouth is nearly circular, the border surrounding it being finely formed of thin plates about a sixth of an inch apart, and about the same in height, and both of a flesh colour; the handsome lid is of a circular shape. The dried specimen forwarded to Dr. Hooker only measured eighteen inches. The plant is epiphytal, growing on casuarinas (''species nova''). The pitchers of the young creepers precisely resemble those of the older ones, except in size.

Alfred Russel Wallace made brief mention of ''N. edwardsiana'' in his famous work ''The Malay Archipelago'', first published in 1869: "Another, ''Nepenthes Edwardsiania'', has a narrow pitcher twenty inches long; while the plant itself grows to a length of twenty feet".〔Wallace, A.R. 1869. ''The Malay Archipelago, Volume I''. Macmillan, London.〕
In subsequent years, ''N. edwardsiana'' was featured in a number of publications by eminent botanists such as Friedrich Anton Wilhelm Miquel (1870),〔Miquel, F.A.G. 1870. ''Nepenthes''. ''Illustrations de la flore l'Archipel Indien'' 1: 1–48.〕 Joseph Dalton Hooker (1873),〔 Hooker, J.D. 1873. Ordo CLXXV bis. Nepenthaceæ. In: A. de Candolle ''Prodromus Systematis Naturalis Regni Vegetabilis'' 17: 90–105.〕 Frederick William Burbidge (1882, 1897),〔Burbidge, F.W. 1882. (Notes on the new ''Nepenthes''. ) ''The Gardeners' Chronicle'', new series, 17(420): 56.〕〔Burbidge, F.W. 1897. Note on ''Nepenthes''. ''Journal of the Royal Horticultural Society'' 21(2): 256–262.〕 Odoardo Beccari (1886),〔Beccari, O. 1886. Rivista delle specie del genere ''Nepenthes''. ''Malesia'' 3: 1–15.〕 William E. Dixon (1888),〔Dixon, W.E. 1888. ''Nepenthes'' notes. ''The Gardeners' Chronicle'' 3(1): 170.〕 Ernst Wunschmann (1891),〔Wunschmann, E. 1891. Nepenthaceae. In: A. Engler & K. Prantl. ''Die natürlichen Pflanzenfamilien'' 3(2): 253–260.〕 Otto Stapf (1894),〔Stapf, O. 1894. On the flora of Mount Kinabalu, in North Borneo. ''The Transactions of the Linnean Society of London'' 4: 96–263.〕 Harry James Veitch (1897),〔Veitch, H.J. 1897. ''Nepenthes''. ''Journal of the Royal Horticultural Society'' 21(2): 226–255.〕 Jacob Gijsbert Boerlage (1900),〔Boerlage, J.G. 1900. ''Nepenthes''. In: ''Handleiding tot de kennis der flora van Nederlandsch Indië'', Volume 3, Part 1. pp. 53–54.〕 William Botting Hemsley (1905),〔Hemsley, W.B. 1905. The pitchers of ''Nepenthes''. ''The Gardeners' Chronicle'' 27(1): 241–242 & 260.〕 and Elmer Drew Merrill (1921).〔Merrill, E.D. 1921. A bibliographic enumeration of Bornean plants. ''Journal of the Straits branch of the Royal Asiatic Society'', special number. pp. 281–295.〕
However, most of these publications made only passing mention of ''N. edwardsiana''. The first work to include significant taxonomic revisions was that of Günther Beck von Mannagetta und Lerchenau in 1895, "Die Gattung ''Nepenthes''". Beck was the first to unite ''N. edwardsiana'' and ''N. villosa'', considering the former a variety or form of the latter.〔 He also published the name ''Nepenthes edgeworthii'' based on a specimen collected in Borneo by Heinrich Gustav Reichenbach. The specimen, ''Herb.Reichenbach s.n.'', is deposited at the University of Vienna herbarium (WU).〔 Beck, like all subsequent authors, considered ''N. edgeworthii'' to be conspecific with ''N. edwardsiana''.〔〔
''Nepenthes edwardsiana'' was formally reinstated as a valid species in John Muirhead Macfarlane's 1908 monograph, which included a revised description and illustration of the species.〔Macfarlane, J.M. 1908. Nepenthaceae. In: A. Engler. ''Das Pflanzenreich IV'', III, Heft 36: 1–91.〕 Macfarlane also wrote about ''N. edwardsiana'' in the ''Journal of the Linnean Society'' in 1914〔Macfarlane, J.M. 1914. Nepenthaceae. In: L.S. Gibbs. A contribution to the flora and the plant formations of Mount Kinabalu and the Highlands of British North Borneo. ''Journal of the Linnean Society'' 42: 125–127.〕 and ''The Standard Cyclopedia of Horticulture'' in 1919.〔Macfarlane, J.M. 1919. ''Nepenthes''. In: L.H. Bailey. ''The Standard Cyclopedia of Horticulture'', Volume 4. pp. 2122–2130.〕
B. H. Danser treated ''N. edwardsiana'' in synonymy with ''N. villosa'' in his seminal monograph, "The Nepenthaceae of the Netherlands Indies", published in 1928. The work included a revised Latin diagnosis and botanical description of ''N. villosa''.〔Danser, B.H. 1928. The Nepenthaceae of the Netherlands Indies. ''Bulletin du Jardin Botanique de Buitenzorg'', Série III, 9(3–4): 249–438.〕 Eight years later, Hermann Harms once again elevated ''N. edwardsiana'' to species status.〔Harms, H. 1936. Nepenthaceae. In: A. Engler & K. Prantl. ''Die natürlichen Pflanzenfamilien'', 2 aufl. band 17b.〕 This treatment was supported by Shigeo Kurata in 1976〔Kurata, S. 1976. ''Nepenthes of Mount Kinabalu''. Sabah National Parks Publications No. 2, Sabah National Parks Trustees, Kota Kinabalu.〕 and has not been challenged since.
A similar taxon from Mount Trusmadi was long considered to be ''N. edwardsiana''.〔Marabini, J. 1984. (A Field Trip to Gunong Trusmadi. ) ''Carnivorous Plant Newsletter'' 13(2): 38–40.〕 It was described in 1987 as ''N. edwardsiana'' subsp. ''macrophylla'' by Johannes Marabini.〔Marabini, J. 1987. (Eine neue Unterart von ''Nepenthes edwardsiana'' Hook.fil. sowie Anmerkungen zur Taxonomie der Gattung ''Nepenthes'' L. ). ''Mitteilungen der Botanischen Staatssammlung München'' 23: 423–429.〕 A decade later, Matthew Jebb and Martin Cheek recognised it as a separate species (''N. macrophylla'') in their monograph on the genus.〔Jebb, M.H.P. & M.R. Cheek 1997. A skeletal revision of ''Nepenthes'' (Nepenthaceae). ''Blumea'' 42(1): 1–106.〕 This interpretation has been followed by subsequent authors.〔〔〔Cheek, M.R. & M.H.P. Jebb 2001. Nepenthaceae. ''Flora Malesiana'' 15: 1–157.〕〔Phillipps, A., A. Lamb & C.C. Lee 2008. ''Pitcher Plants of Borneo''. Second Edition. Natural History Publications (Borneo), Kota Kinabalu.〕〔McPherson, S.R. 2009. ''Pitcher Plants of the Old World''. 2 volumes. Redfern Natural History Productions, Poole.〕

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